一文讀懂油氣回收處理系統(tǒng)

　　Understanding the Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment System in One Text

　　一、油氣石油及其產(chǎn)品是多種碳氫化合物的混合物，其中的輕質組分具有良好的揮發(fā)性。

　　1、 Oil, gas, petroleum, and their products are a mixture of various hydrocarbons, with light components having strong volatility.

　　01什么是油氣?

　　01 What is oil and gas?

　　根據(jù)《油氣回收處理設施技術標準》（GB/T 50759-2022）定義，油氣（vapour）是易揮發(fā)性可燃液體物料在儲存或裝載過程中產(chǎn)生的揮發(fā)性有機氣體及其與其他氣體的混合氣的總稱。

　　According to the Technical Standards for Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment Facilities (GB/T 50759-2022), vapor is the general term for volatile organic gases and their mixtures with other gases generated during the storage or loading of volatile flammable liquid materials.

　　揮發(fā)性有機物（英文名:Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）是指在標準狀態(tài)下具有較高飽和蒸氣壓（大于13.33Pa）、低沸點、小分子量，且在常溫下易于揮發(fā)的有機化合物。這種物質是大氣的主要污染物之一。

　　Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) refer to organic compounds that have high saturation vapor pressure (greater than 13.33 Pa), low boiling point, small molecular weight, and are easily volatile at room temperature under standard conditions. This substance is one of the main pollutants in the atmosphere.

　　02為什么要回收？

　　Why recycle?

　　易揮發(fā)的油氣不僅會污染環(huán)境，影響作業(yè)人員健康，其成分大多是易燃易爆物質，威脅存儲和裝卸過程中的安全，同時，也造成油氣資源的浪費。

　　Volatile oil and gas not only pollute the environment and affect the health of workers, but their components are mostly flammable and explosive substances, threatening the safety of storage and loading and unloading processes. At the same time, they also cause waste of oil and gas resources.

　　因此，對原油、汽油、石腦油、溶劑油、芳烴或類似性質等易揮發(fā)性可燃液體的儲存系統(tǒng)和鐵路、公路裝車及裝船等系統(tǒng)所排放的油氣采取了回收治理措施。二、油氣回收處理設施油氣回收處理設施包括油氣收集系統(tǒng)、油氣回收裝置、油氣處理裝置及其配套設施，是對揮發(fā)的油氣進行回收一種環(huán)保設施，多用于裝卸作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)。

　　Therefore, measures have been taken to recover and treat the oil and gas emissions from storage systems for volatile and flammable liquids such as crude oil, gasoline, naphtha, solvent oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, or similar properties, as well as from railway and highway loading and unloading systems. 2、 Oil and gas recovery and treatment facilities include oil and gas collection systems, oil and gas recovery devices, oil and gas treatment devices and their supporting facilities. It is an environmentally friendly facility for recovering volatile oil and gas, and is often used in loading and unloading operations.

　　01油氣收集系統(tǒng)

　　01 Oil and gas collection system

　　易揮發(fā)性可燃液體物料在儲存或裝載過程中，油氣通過儲罐頂部或裝載系統(tǒng)的密閉氣相管道及其他工藝設備進行集中收集的系統(tǒng)。

　　A system for centralized collection of oil and gas from volatile flammable liquid materials during storage or loading, through sealed gas-phase pipelines at the top of storage tanks or loading systems, and other process equipment.

　　凝縮液是指油氣因壓力、溫度等變化凝結下來的可燃液體。凝縮液處理方式包括返回儲罐或船艙;如果具備條件返回石油化工煉化裝置進行加工處理,或者作為鍋爐燃料、發(fā)電燃料等。但在儲存和處置過程中,不能造成二次污染。02油氣回收裝置

　　Condensed liquid refers to a combustible liquid formed by the condensation of oil and gas due to changes in pressure, temperature, and other factors. The treatment method for condensed liquid includes returning to the storage tank or cabin; If conditions permit, return to the petrochemical refining unit for processing, or use as boiler fuel, power generation fuel, etc. But during storage and disposal, secondary pollution should not be caused. 02 Oil and gas recovery device

　　油氣回收裝置是將油品裝卸或儲存過程中產(chǎn)生的油氣進行回收的裝置，其原理是將揮發(fā)性油氣通過適當?shù)氖侄闻c空氣分離并回收，凈化后的氣體排入大氣。

　　The oil and gas recovery device is a device that recovers the oil and gas generated during the loading, unloading, or storage of oil products. Its principle is to separate and recover volatile oil and gas from the air through appropriate means, and discharge the purified gas into the atmosphere.

　　目前油氣回收技術多采用吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法、膜分離法或其組合等物理方法，對油氣進行回收并達標排放。03油氣處理裝置

　　At present, oil and gas recovery technologies mostly use physical methods such as adsorption, absorption, condensation, membrane separation, or their combinations to recover oil and gas and meet emission standards. 03 Oil and Gas Processing Unit

　　油氣處理技術多采用燃燒法、氧化法、等離子體法等化學方法，對油氣進行處理并達標排放。燃燒法分為直接燃燒、熱力燃燒或蓄熱燃燒；氧化法分為催化氧化、蓄熱氧化等；等離子體法分為低溫等離子體、高溫等離子體等。

　　Oil and gas treatment technologies often use chemical methods such as combustion, oxidation, and plasma to treat oil and gas and meet emission standards. The combustion method can be divided into direct combustion, thermal combustion, or regenerative combustion; Oxidation methods can be divided into catalytic oxidation, thermal storage oxidation, etc; Plasma methods are divided into low-temperature plasma, high-temperature plasma, etc.

　　不同的回收或處理技術原理不同，需根據(jù)安全條件、操作條件等因素選取，更多開始采取油氣回收技術和處理技術的綜合應用。

　　Different recycling or processing technologies have different principles and need to be selected based on factors such as safety and operating conditions. More comprehensive applications of oil and gas recycling and processing technologies are being adopted.

　　儲存或裝載系統(tǒng)排放油氣的濃度大于30g/m3時，宜設置油氣回收裝置；當油氣濃度小于或等于30g/m3或油氣難以回收時，宜設置油氣處理裝置。

　　When the concentration of oil and gas discharged from the storage or loading system is greater than 30g/m3, it is advisable to install an oil and gas recovery device; When the concentration of oil and gas is less than or equal to 30g/m3 or it is difficult to recover oil and gas, it is advisable to install an oil and gas treatment device.

　　油氣回收裝置和油氣處理裝置的設計規(guī)模宜為儲存或/和裝載設施同時排放油氣非常大量的100%~110%。三、油氣收集系統(tǒng)《儲油庫大氣污染物排放標準》（GB20950-2020）和《油品運輸大氣污染物排放標準》（GB20951-2020）分別對儲油庫碼頭、鐵路罐車、汽車罐車、油船油氣控制做了相關規(guī)定。

　　The design scale of the oil and gas recovery unit and oil and gas treatment unit should be 100% to 110% of the maximum amount of oil and gas discharged simultaneously from storage and/or loading facilities. 3、 The "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks" (GB20950-2020) and "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Transport" (GB20951-2020) for oil and gas collection systems respectively provide relevant regulations for oil and gas control at oil storage terminals, railway tankers, truck tankers, and oil tankers.

　　01裝車設施油氣回收處理系統(tǒng)

　　01 Loading Facility Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment System

　　通過汽車罐車收油，應采用密閉泵送或自流式管道系統(tǒng)。油氣回收系統(tǒng)能夠將儲油庫向汽車罐車發(fā)油時產(chǎn)生的油氣密閉輸入油氣處理裝置，能夠將卸油時產(chǎn)生的油氣密閉輸入汽車罐車油罐內(nèi)。

　　When collecting oil through a tanker truck, a closed pumping or self flowing pipeline system should be used. The oil and gas recovery system can seal the oil and gas generated during the oil delivery from the storage tank to the oil and gas treatment device, and can seal the oil and gas generated during the unloading process into the oil tank of the truck.

　　通過鐵路罐車收油，除拆裝灌裝鶴管之外的時段，收油鶴管與鐵路罐車灌裝口(人孔)應密閉。從泵站掃倉罐中產(chǎn)生的油氣應密閉收集，并送入油氣處理裝置進行回收處理。02裝船設施油氣回收處理系統(tǒng)

　　During the period of oil collection by railway tank trucks, except for the disassembly and assembly of the filling crane tube, the oil collection crane tube and the filling port (manhole) of the railway tank truck should be sealed. The oil and gas generated from the sweeping tank of the pump station should be collected in a sealed manner and sent to the oil and gas processing device for recovery and treatment. 02 Loading Facility Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment System

　　具有萬噸級及以上油品泊位的碼頭對應的儲油庫應密閉收集向GB 20951管控的油船發(fā)油時產(chǎn)生的油氣，并送入油氣處理裝置回收處理。

　　The oil storage tanks corresponding to docks with berths for oil products of ten thousand tons or above should collect the oil and gas generated during the delivery of oil to oil tankers controlled by GB 20951 in a closed manner, and send it to the oil and gas processing equipment for recovery and treatment.

　　油氣回收處理設施主要包括船岸油氣收集系統(tǒng)、船岸安全裝置、油氣輸送管道系統(tǒng)、油氣回收裝置和油氣處理裝置及其配套設施等。

　　The oil and gas recovery and treatment facilities mainly include ship shore oil and gas collection systems, ship shore safety devices, oil and gas transportation pipeline systems, oil and gas recovery devices, oil and gas treatment devices, and their supporting facilities.

　　1. 船岸油氣收集系統(tǒng)

　　1. Ship shore oil and gas collection system

　　在碼頭前沿利用輸氣臂或軟管與船舶油氣管匯接口連接進行油氣收集的系統(tǒng)。

　　A system for collecting oil and gas at the forefront of a dock by connecting a gas arm or hose to a ship's oil and gas pipeline.

　　2. 船岸安全裝置（Ship-to-Dock Safety Unit）一般由管道、手動切斷閥、止回裝置、惰化調(diào)節(jié)閥,壓力傳感器、高速透氣/真空閥或壓力/真空釋放閥,電動卸載閥,電動切斷閥、氣液分離器、氧含量傳感器、阻爆轟型阻火器、氣體流量計、防爆控制箱、控制系統(tǒng)等構成。

　　2. Ship to Dock Safety Unit generally consists of pipelines, manual shut-off valves, check devices, inerting control valves, pressure sensors, high-speed ventilation/vacuum valves or pressure/vacuum release valves, electric unloading valves, electric shut-off valves, gas-liquid separators, oxygen content sensors, explosion-proof flame arresters, gas flow meters, explosion-proof control boxes, control systems, etc.

　　2.1 氧含量超標控制氧含量超標控制系統(tǒng)應依靠裝置進氣端的氧含量傳感器提供的油氣氧含量實時監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進行控制油氣氧含量達到體積分數(shù)8%時,應自動實施氧含量超限控制,自動報警并關閉電動切斷閥,同時開啟電動卸載閥實施緊急排放。?

　　2.1 Control of Excessive Oxygen Content The system for controlling excessive oxygen content should rely on real-time monitoring data of oil and gas oxygen content provided by the oxygen content sensor at the inlet of the device. When the oil and gas oxygen content reaches a volume fraction of 8%, it should automatically implement oxygen content exceeding control, automatically alarm and close the electric cut-off valve, and at the same time open the electric unloading valve to implement emergency discharge.?

　　2.2?惰化控制惰化控制系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測到船岸安全裝置油氣氧含量達到體積分數(shù)6%時應報警,并啟動惰化系統(tǒng)。惰化調(diào)節(jié)閥接受船岸安全裝置自控系統(tǒng)給出的指令,控制惰氣輸入量,保持油氣氧含量體積分數(shù)在6%以下。3. ?油氣輸送管道系統(tǒng)?Vapour Transportation Pipe System

　　2.2? When the inerting control system detects that the oil and gas oxygen content of the shore safety device reaches 6% by volume, it should alarm and activate the inerting system. The inerting control valve receives instructions from the ship shore safety device self-control system, controls the input of inert gas, and maintains the volume fraction of oil and gas oxygen content below 6%. 3. ? Oil and gas transportation pipeline system? Vapour Transportation Pipe System

　　連接船岸安全裝置與油氣回收裝置或油氣處理裝置,對油氣進行輸送的系統(tǒng),一般由管道、風機、阻火器、閥門和壓力傳感器等構成。03油船油氣回收系統(tǒng)

　　The system that connects the ship shore safety device with the oil and gas recovery device or oil and gas processing device to transport oil and gas generally consists of pipelines, fans, flame arresters, valves, and pressure sensors. 03 Oil and Gas Recovery System for Oil Tankers

　　油船的油氣回收系統(tǒng)主要包括船上油氣收集系統(tǒng)和惰性氣體系統(tǒng)。

　　The oil and gas recovery system of an oil tanker mainly includes an onboard oil and gas collection system and an inert gas system.

　　船上油氣收集系統(tǒng)，收集貨油艙裝載過程中產(chǎn)生的油氣的系統(tǒng)。

　　On board oil and gas collection system, a system that collects oil and gas generated during the loading process of cargo oil tanks.

　　惰性氣體系統(tǒng)，向貨油艙輸送惰性氣體，降低其氧氣含量，使其降低至爆炸下限以下。

　　The inert gas system delivers inert gas to the cargo oil tank, reducing its oxygen content to below the lower explosive limit.

　　04儲罐油氣回收系統(tǒng)

　　04 Tank Oil and Gas Recovery System

　　易揮發(fā)性可燃液體物料的內(nèi)浮頂、拱頂和低壓儲罐應設置油氣回收處理設施;當儲罐采取控制減排措施后，排放的油氣濃度滿足排放限值和控制指標要求時，可不設油氣回收處理設施。

　　Oil and gas recovery and treatment facilities should be installed on the inner floating roof, arch roof, and low-pressure storage tanks of volatile flammable liquid materials; When the tank adopts control and emission reduction measures, and the concentration of the discharged oil and gas meets the emission limit and control index requirements, oil and gas recovery and treatment facilities may not be installed.

　　主要針對儲罐的幾種排放：（1）大呼吸排放：在裝卸作業(yè)時，由于液位變化導致的氣體空間體積變化而使油氣排出；（2）小呼吸排放：由于外界溫差變化，導致的罐內(nèi)氣體熱脹冷縮而產(chǎn)生的排放；（3）熱料進罐產(chǎn)生的排放；（4）高壓進料產(chǎn)生的排放。

　　Mainly targeting several types of emissions from storage tanks: (1) large breathing emissions: during loading and unloading operations, oil and gas are discharged due to changes in gas space volume caused by changes in liquid level; (2) Small breathing emissions: emissions caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of gas inside the tank due to changes in external temperature differences; (3) Emissions generated by hot material entering the tank; (4) Emissions generated by high-pressure feeding.

　　油氣收集系統(tǒng)應根據(jù)儲存物料的性質、火災危險性、儲存溫度、排氣壓力和罐型等因素設置。有單罐單控或直接連通方式兩種方式。主要是采用將儲罐通氣孔與收集管路連接，然后經(jīng)過收集管網(wǎng)、油氣輸送裝置進入油氣回收處理裝置。

　　The oil and gas collection system should be set up based on factors such as the nature of the stored materials, fire hazard, storage temperature, exhaust pressure, and tank type. There are two methods: single tank single control or direct connection. The main method is to connect the tank vent to the collection pipeline, and then enter the oil and gas recovery and treatment device through the collection pipeline network and oil and gas transportation device.